Combination of a Hydraulic Device and Nanohydroxylapatite Paste for Minimally Invasive Transcrestal Sinus Floor Elevation: Procedure and 4-Year Results.

PURPOSE: The objectives of this retrospective study were to describe a transcrestal sinus floor elevation technique combining the use of a hydraulic device and a nanohydroxylapatite paste and to report on 4-year clinical and radiographic outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sinus floor elevation procedure used a specially designed drill (SinusJet) to start sinus membrane unsticking and a nanohydroxylapatite paste (Ostim) for further sinus membrane elevation and bone augmentation. It was performed as a one-step procedure with immediate implant placement or a two-step procedure with delayed implant placement 9 months later. Implant survival rate, sinus membrane perforation, postoperative complications, and the level of intraoperative and postoperative patient comfort using a visual analog scale were analyzed retrospectively. A nonparametric Wilcoxon matched-pairs test and parametric paired t test were used to identify significant differences. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-six sinus floor elevations were performed in 110 patients at two dental clinics in Belgium with a mean follow-up period of 48 months. In the one-step procedure, the mean 6-month elevation was 8.5 ± 2.7 mm; 194 implants were placed. In the two-step procedure, the mean 9-month elevation was 9.5 ± 2.4 mm; 8 implants were placed. The osteotomy, sinus membrane elevation, and bone grafting typically took less than 3 minutes. Sinus membrane perforation was observed in 2.9% (n = 4/136). The 4-year implant survival rate was 97% (n = 196/202), with six early implant losses. 96.4% of patients reported either no or minimal discomfort. CONCLUSION: This minimally invasive transcrestal sinus floor elevation procedure that combines a hydraulic device and nanohydroxylapatite paste appears to be safe and predictable. However, further randomized controlled studies are needed to validate the results of this retrospective observational study.

Implantoplasty Versus Glycine Air Abrasion for the Surgical Treatment of Peri-implantitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Numerous approaches have been proposed for the treatment of peri-implantitis, but to date, none has been identified as the most effective. This study compared the efficacy of implantoplasty and glycine air polishing for the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized, parallel-group trial included 31 patients presenting with 42 implants with peri-implantitis. Patients underwent surgical treatment by implantoplasty (test group, n = 22) or glycine air polishing (control group, n = 20). Clinical parameters (Plaque Index), bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration on probing (SOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), relative attachment level (RAL), and mucosal recession were assessed before surgery (baseline), and at 3 months and 6 months after surgery. Bone loss was recorded at baseline and 6 months. Two composite outcomes were also evaluated, according to the following definitions: (1) mean PPD reduction ≥ 0.5 mm + no further loss of bone; (2) PPD ≤ 5 mm, absence of BOP/SOP, and no additional mean bone loss ≥ 0.5 mm. RESULTS: Plaque Index remained low (< 0.5) in both groups for the duration of the study. Mean BOP, SOP, PPD, and RAL were greatly reduced at 3 months in both groups, and remained low between 3 months and 6 months. Bone loss was stable in the implantoplasty group, and slight bone gain (0.5 mm) was observed in the glycine air-polishing group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in any parameter, and composite treatment outcomes were similar in both groups, irrespective of the definition. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this 6-month follow-up study, implantoplasty is as effective as glycine air polishing for the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis.

Treatment of mandibular Class II furcations using bovine-derived bone xenograft with or without a collagen membrane: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of a bovine-derived xenograft with (control group, CG) or without (test group, TG) a collagen membrane for the treatment of mandibular Class II furcations. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Nineteen patients presenting 32 furcations were included and randomly assigned to CG (n = 16) or TG (n = 16). At the 6-month follow-up (M6), 29 furcations were reevaluated. All clinical measurements were performed by the same investigator with a straight periodontal probe and a specially designed "modified Nabers probe" (both with 1-mm increments). The primary outcome was the improvement of the horizontal probing attachment level. According to the protocol, there was no re-entry at 6 months. RESULTS: Both vertical (at M6, CG: 2.4 ± 0.8 mm, TG: 2.7 ± 1.0 mm) and horizontal probing attachment levels, whether measured with a periodontal probe (at M6: CG: 3.4 ± 0.8 mm, TG: 3.2 ± 1.0 mm) or the "modified Nabers probe" (at M6: CG: 3.5 ± 1.1 mm, TG: 3.2 ± 1.0 mm), favorably evolved after 6 months. There was no significant difference for any of the measures performed (P > .05, unpaired t test). CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments were clinically effective with no statistically significant difference between them but as there was no histologic analysis, the amount of real regeneration could not be analyzed. This conclusion should be confirmed by longer follow-up periods.

Oral Microbes, Biofilms and Their Role in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases.

Despite many discoveries over the past 20 years regarding the etio-pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, as well as significant advances in our understanding of microbial biofilms, the incidence of these pathologies still continues to rise. This review presents a general overview of the main protagonists and phenomena involved in oral health and disease. A special emphasis on the role of certain keystone pathogens in periodontitis and peri-implantitis is underlined. Their capacity to bring a dysregulation of the homeostasis with their host and the microbial biofilm lifestyle are also discussed. Finally, the current treatment principles of periodontitis and peri-implantitis are presented and their limits exposed. This leads to realize that new strategies must be developed and studied to overcome the shortcomings of existing approaches.